Gay Rights Essays -- Homosexual Rights, Homophobia, Gays

Do you think homosexuals deserve the same rights we (straight people) do? People having homophobia, and people who discriminate against gays, make it very hard for homosexuals to live in peace. People all over the world have their different views on whether or not homosexuals should have rights, and with that many people who are mean, judgmental, and discriminate against homosexuals. Most homosexuals cannot be themselves and cannot â€Å"come out of the closet,† because of the mean actions that come from other people and communities around them. Homosexuals should have the same rights as â€Å"straight† people do, because they are human beings just like everyone else. Everyday, more and more homosexuals get discharged from the military because of their sexual orientation. In 1993, 11,000 service members were discharged under the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy that’s bans gays and lesbians the right to serve openly. There were nearly 11,000 specialists with extremely important skills like; Arabic linguists for example, have been forced out of the military, meaning millions of tax payer dollars spent on military training have gone to waste. The armed forces have spent about 22,000 dollars to about 43,000 dollars to replace each individual discharged under the â€Å" Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy, and the discharges still continue today even with all the money that is being wasted on training the people (Conant 1). Homosexuals that are or were serving in the armed forces are in there to protect our country and everyone in it, including their families. They are fighting to keep our country sa fe and so we can keep our independence, and all the military leaders care about it their personal life, something as silly as to telling them who t... ...ving mother, and can be thrown into the foster-care system (Alvear and Cameron 2). These are all examples that will hurt the emotional status of a child that is in the situation of having homosexual parents that are not married. There are more than half a million children growing up in a home with same-sex parents, that mostly were not able to married, also meaning a half a million children growing up with serious disadvantages than other children with (married) heterosexual parents, caused by prohibition of same-sex marriages and discrimination towards homosexual relationships (Alvear and Cameron 2). There is only one solution to solve this problem that homosexuals have is to give them the same rights everyone else has. I believe that if we give homosexuals the same rights that everyone else has, then our world would be a much safer and happier place. Gay Rights Essays -- Homosexual Rights, Homophobia, Gays Do you think homosexuals deserve the same rights we (straight people) do? People having homophobia, and people who discriminate against gays, make it very hard for homosexuals to live in peace. People all over the world have their different views on whether or not homosexuals should have rights, and with that many people who are mean, judgmental, and discriminate against homosexuals. Most homosexuals cannot be themselves and cannot â€Å"come out of the closet,† because of the mean actions that come from other people and communities around them. Homosexuals should have the same rights as â€Å"straight† people do, because they are human beings just like everyone else. Everyday, more and more homosexuals get discharged from the military because of their sexual orientation. In 1993, 11,000 service members were discharged under the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy that’s bans gays and lesbians the right to serve openly. There were nearly 11,000 specialists with extremely important skills like; Arabic linguists for example, have been forced out of the military, meaning millions of tax payer dollars spent on military training have gone to waste. The armed forces have spent about 22,000 dollars to about 43,000 dollars to replace each individual discharged under the â€Å" Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy, and the discharges still continue today even with all the money that is being wasted on training the people (Conant 1). Homosexuals that are or were serving in the armed forces are in there to protect our country and everyone in it, including their families. They are fighting to keep our country sa fe and so we can keep our independence, and all the military leaders care about it their personal life, something as silly as to telling them who t... ...ving mother, and can be thrown into the foster-care system (Alvear and Cameron 2). These are all examples that will hurt the emotional status of a child that is in the situation of having homosexual parents that are not married. There are more than half a million children growing up in a home with same-sex parents, that mostly were not able to married, also meaning a half a million children growing up with serious disadvantages than other children with (married) heterosexual parents, caused by prohibition of same-sex marriages and discrimination towards homosexual relationships (Alvear and Cameron 2). There is only one solution to solve this problem that homosexuals have is to give them the same rights everyone else has. I believe that if we give homosexuals the same rights that everyone else has, then our world would be a much safer and happier place.

What is the Significance of the Heath in Return of the Native? :: English Literature

What is the Significance of the Heath in Return of the Native? It is evident right from the beginning that the heath plays an integral part in the novel â€Å"Return of the Native†, this is because the opening chapter is exclusively about the heath. The heath assists in creating the feelings of both central characters and the background heath folk, the first chapter is titled â€Å"A Face on which Time makes but little Impression†, meaning that Egdon Heath is timeless and everybody on it has little significance. The reader gains an insight of the novel and its genre through the first chapter, â€Å"It had a lonely face, suggesting tragical possibilities.† This aids the reader in identifying that there is going to be something tragical in the novel. Hardy is also using personification, which brings the heath to life. In spite of this, the first chapter also does what every other first chapter in a novel does, it sets the scene. Egdon Heath, as far as the novel is concerned and the characters inside it, is the world. The only time that the novel ever abandons the heath is only briefly between pages 253-257 which is the part when Wildeve and Eustacia are at the dance together in Budmouth. It is comprehensible that the heath folk consider Egdon Heath to be everything when they talk about Paris as if it were a million miles away, â€Å"like a King’s Palace as far as diments go† is the description they use when describing Clym’s shop. Hardy also uses the heath as a metaphor for how the central characters are feeling. On page 206, when Clym moves out of his mothers house, the fir and beech trees are described to be â€Å"suffering more damage than during the highest winds of winter†¦ the wasting sap would bleed for many days to come†. We also get an insight to the way Eustacia is feeling through the storm on the heath on page 345-346, â€Å"Never was harmony more perfect than that between the chaos of her mind and the chaos of the world without†. The brief flowering in the summer time on Egdon heath represents the love between Eustacia and Clym, when it flowered it was beautiful and colourful and sweet, but it soon drooped, dried out and finally died. When Wildeve and Diggory Venn are playing dice on the heath, the contrast is prominent between human behaviour and nature, â€Å"The incongruity between the men’s deeds and their environment was striking†. Hardy is making a comment on human nature and it’s battle against nature. The behaviour of the two men is described as almost

Career as a Concept Artist Essay -- Video Game Development

The employment outlook in my area for a Concept Artist in Video Game Development isn’t too promising. Nebraska isn’t the metropolis for technological employment like this, thus I would have to relocate to somewhere along the East or West Coasts, where jobs are more available than they are in the mid-west. This is due to the fact that a lot of the Game Publishing companies, such as Blizzard Entertainment, Monolith Games, a subdivision of Warner Bros. Entertainment, require an applicant to work on-site. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2007, Graphic Designers earnings ranged from entry-level pay of about $35,000.00 to staff-level median of $45,000.00. More seasoned designers earned $62,000.00 and freelance designers earned around $60,000.00. Design Directors earned up to $98,600.00. Graphic designers with ownership or partnership interests in a firm or who were principals of the firm in some other capacity earned $113,000,00. Generally, for every company, there’s a different salary, depending on the type of work being completed and what they need. The role of ...

Related Literature on Crm Essay

According to Gartner Inc., the provider of research and analysis on the global information technology industry, the estimated size of the CRM software market in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa was approximately $2.3 billion in total software revenue in 2006. The forecast indicated that the market will have an annual growth rate of 11.3%, which will result in revenue of approximately $3.9 billion by 2011. Companies based all over the world are developing their own approaches to the CRM business strategy in order to increase their efficiency and effectiveness in operations. With the wide spread of CRM, problems and issues examined in this study are apparently not unique to the U.S. Heinrich (2005) examined the role of CRM in the development of the relationship CRM in Russia and US Journal of Technology Research Page 4between the customer and the company in the context of goal implementation. He addressed the process goals of CRM involved in the development of the relationship including building trust, the transaction, and the conversion to a social relationship. He found little relationship between the collection of data and the success of the salesperson and identified 10 relationship motive categories of customers including: gratitude oriented, prestige oriented, collective oriented, experience oriented, and security oriented. CRM, in his view, is a tool not as an end but the means to the end. Nairn (2002) says the origins of CRM can be traced back to the July issue of the 21st volume of the Journal Marketing where â€Å"segmentation† was first mentioned in 1956. Put literally CRM is the practice of managing relationships differently within different customer segments; with the advent of information technology and the application of statistical research methods, the ability to segment customers has become accessible to virtually any organization; as a result the CRM industry grew exponentially from the mid to late 1990s. Vendor hype would have the market believe that CRM technology applications are a panacea for all things related to the customer, yet the market is replete with CRM technology implementation failures resulting in billions of wasted investment dollars, all in search of a CRM nirvana that never eventuated. Starkey & Woodcock (2002) state that contributors to CRM failure include managerial short-term focus, failure to see change through, ignoring the basics of what defines good CRM and business performance, making CRM too complicated, CRM existing functional and departmental silos, customer management techniques and practices not widespread and poor implementation of customer management projects to name just a few. Enterprise web identity If you work within a larger organization, always make your relationship to the larger enterprise a clear and meaningful part of your site design. If your institution has an identity program or a web template system, use it. Adopting the design standards of the larger enterprise can save you a lot of time and money. Institutions notorious for poor governance—universities, government agencies, large nonprofit agencies—also often have chaotic web sites. Large companies sometimes have the same problems, but the standards and norms of corporate identity programs are well established in the business world, and most corporate sites start with the expectation that everyone will share a common look and feel and user interface and that each discrete corporate site will project a clear relationship to the parent enterprise.

Literature

REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials. Literature REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials. Literature 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The Story of an Hour† A)   Plot : The married Mrs. Louise Mallard is told her husband has died in a train accident.   She has a heart condition and experiences deep grief over her husband’s death.   Slowly the grief fades and she begins to feel a sense of relief.   Realizing now she does not have to live for anyone else but herself.   She can do what she wants when she wants.   Just as she is overcome with joy about her new and limitless future, her husband walks through the door.   There was a mistake and he was not even near the crash, Mrs. Mallard dies from her heart condition. B) Narrative Point of View : Omniscient point of view narrates the story.   The narrator knows everything that is happening and what everyone is thinking in the story. C)   Characters : Mrs. & Mr. Mallard are the main characters.   Josephine and Richard are the couple’s friends. D)   Style : She makes interesting use of the Omniscient point of view.   Most stories featuring this particular narrative style become boring and predictable.   However, in this particular short story the omniscient narrator has a bit of a sense of humor and timing, keeping the most important information (that Mr. Mallard did not die in the accident) well hidden until the end of the story.   There is also a bit of irony that Mrs. Mallard dreams of freedom end in her death which is another form of freedom.   It is important to point out that Mrs. Mallard does not die from joy but from sadness having to go back to living and submitting to her husband again. E) Setting : The bulk of the story takes place physically in the Mallard house, and Mrs. Mallard’s room.   Much of the text of the novel actually takes place in Mrs. Mallard’s mind and thoughts. F)   Imagery : This story is fairly light on imagery, however the train could remind the reader about the forward motion of life. G) Themes : Everyone should have the freedom to live life as they want too, it can be a source of great joy, but   the removal of the joy (however brief) can be deadly. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place† A)   Plot : An old   man sits in a cafà ©, it is almost closing time.   Two waiters are serving him, and are anxious to go home.   The younger waiter wants to go home to his wife and warm bed.   The older waiter has nothing to go home too.   The old waiter will probably end up a bar himself after work.   The old man discusses his discontentment with life, attempted suicide, and his loneliness.  Ã‚   The story continues and we see that the old waiter has much of the same feelings of depression and struggles against them each night.   The old waiter has lost faith in god and he fears what will happen after death. B)   Narrative Point of View : The point of view of this story is third person.   The narrator does not participate in the action of the story. C) Characters : An old waiter, the main character, and the young waiter. D)   Style :   Hemmingway makes good use of the foil systems.   Both waiters act as foils to the main character. E)   Setting : This short story is primarily set in cafà © in late evening.   Two waiters serve their last customers and hope to leave soon. F) Imagery :   The use of light and dark in the story is interesting to look at   The cafe is clean and well light, the bar however is dirty and dark.   The old waiter believes that there is nothing after death so the human race is left in the dark.   Light represents what men use to distract himself from the darkness or the thought of death.   This is typical of Hemmingway’s nihilistic view of the world with no hope and no escape except for what man creates for himself. G)   Themes : The theme of the story is the same thing that run through his other stories – there is no god, no meaning in the world, and man must find things to distract him from the horrible truth. 2)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young,† AE Housman A)   Speaker / Situation :   The speaker of the poem is someone who knows the athlete, perhaps a member of his community who was able to watch the athlete’s accomplishments.   The poem reads like a speech read at a funeral, though it is never clear if that is the intended purpose.   The speaker directly addresses the dead athlete.   The situation of the poem is a young vibrant athlete has passed away and the speaker in the poem is telling the audience that is better to die in the prime of your life then to peak and decline in your â€Å"older† years.   It is clear from the lines of the poem that the speaker must have had his fair share of glorious moments but no longer can achieve them. B)   Word Choice :   In stanza one the speaker talks about the athlete was revered and well loved, and how the town cheered for his victories.   The dictation of the first stanza sounds like a cheerleading cheer with a AABB rhyme scheme : race, place and by, high. C)   Figurative Language : The author uses euphemisms for death in the poem : â€Å"the road all runners come,† â€Å"threshold,† â€Å"shady night,† and â€Å"shade† instead of directly addressing death. D)   Imagery – N/A E)   Symbols: N/A F)   Other :   The poem carries a certain amount of irony while the poem is about a young man dying, it is supposed to be sad but the speaker speaks about how great it is to die in the prime of your life. G)   Structure : The poem has a very monotonous tone with rhymed couplets.   This particular structure creates music for the poem much like a death march. H) Theme : The briefness of life and fame.   Housman compares the two and shows are each is brief and should be valued while they last. 2)   â€Å"Mending Wall,† Robert Frost A)   Speaker / Situation : The speaker of the poem is one of two neighbors who are having a conflict over the building of a wall between their properties. B) Figurative Language : C)   Word Choice : Frost uses casual language and a friendly tone to convey the feeling of poem.   The speaker seems very friendly and honest, and immediately the reader feels like he is an old friend. D)   Imagery :   Frost breathes life into the cold New England landscape which offers a great backdrop to this poem. E)   Symbols : Frost uses the metaphor of stones to represent anything that comes between two people.   Whether it is emotion or inanimate objects.   The wall embodies this separation and invades every interaction   they with each other.   The wall represents control and limitation. F)   Other :   N/A G)   Structure : N/A H)   Theme : One of the major themes in The Mending Wall is the cycles of the seasons.   Many phrases refer to the seasons , in cyclic way – â€Å"spring mending-time,† â€Å"frozen ground-swell,† â€Å"once again,† â€Å"spring is the mischief in me.†Ã‚   Isolation is another theme.   The poem comments on the nature of society , how we interact with each, and how society functions as a whole.   Often in society we do not realize that we build walls between us, â€Å"No one has seen them made or heard them made.† 2)   â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake A)   Speaker / Situation : This poem is about the nature of creation, unlike his other poems this one takes on the depiction of the dark side of creation.   It has some pretty intense religious overtones. B)   Word Choice : Each line ends in a perfect rhyme. C)   Figurative Language :   N/A D)   Imagery : N/A E)   Symbols :   The Tyger is the representation creation, the process of creation, and the creator.   He is fierce, strong, cunning, and if he wants to be deadly.   Comparing this to God, the creator of the universe. F)   Other : There are several contrasting words â€Å"burning bright – night† shows the visual impact of the tyger, â€Å"hand – eye† contrast practical skill and art, â€Å"deeps – skies† contrasts the depths of the universe and the good and evil within that universe. G)   Structure :   Six four line stanzas or six quartrains in rhymed couplets.   Most of the lines contain seven syllables.   There i H)   Theme   : Man-made phenomena (inventions), their purposes and unwanted effects, e.g. technical progress, nuclear power etc. Reflect on religious aspects; is there an almighty God? Does he renounce the control of nature, its creatures and man-made evils? 3) Definitions: Reversal : unexpected series of events which causes the action in a narrative to switch direction Recognition : when a character realizes the error of his ways and attempted to make it right Tragic Flaw : a personality flaw of the hero, which causes the character to make choices which seals their fate Exposition : background information before the action of the story begins Rising Action : general introduction of characters and setup for the climax Crisis : when the main character decides what she/he will do and commits to it. Climax : is the turning point of the story Resolution : when loose ends are tied up and characters reflect on what happened and what they learned 3)   Antigone Exposition :   Ã‚  Ã‚   Polyneices and Eteocles are two brother who fight on the opposite sides of a war.   They have both died in battle.   The new leader of Creon commands that Eteocles will be honored but Polyneices will not be. Rising Action : Polyneices will not be given a holy burial, and the animals will eat him.   Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the dead brothers.   Antigone plots with Ismere to buy Polyneices.   Ismene refuses to   help because if they are caught disobeying they will be put to death. Crisis : Antigone becomes this tragedy’s hero and is going to bury Polyneices himself.   Creon finds out the body has been buried and orders the sentry to seek out the person who buried him.   He soon locates Antigone.   She does not deny what she did.   Soon her sister is also taken.   The sisters are locked up temporarily.   Haemon who is Creon’s son, and the Antigone’s fiance promises his father his alliance. Haemon tries to talk his father out of killing Antigone but when he refuses, Haemon fights with his father.   Creon imprisons Antigone in a cave.   Teiresias, the prophet warns that the gods will be unhappy with Creon if he continues to hold Antigone.   The prophet tells Creon that he will lose his children, Greece will dispie him, and the offerings made by Thebes will not be accepted gy the gods. Climax : Creon decides to free Antigone and bury Polyneices.   However he is too late, he gets notice that Haemon and Antigone have both killed themselves.   Upon hearing the news, Creon’s wife Eurydice kills herself. Resolution : Creon realizes that everything that has happened to him he causes himself.   He knows his actions were wrong and the Gods did not approve. Reversal and Recognition :   Antigone and Creon fight over whether or not it is morally right to bury Polyneices properly.   Reversal occurs when Creon is told that his children will die, and he will loose the respect of Greece.   Recognition comes when Creon takes the adivce of counsel and attempts to make things right by letting Antigone go and burying Polyneices. Tragic Flaw :   Antigone’s tragic flaw is her own arrogance.   She insists she is right and must bury Polneices, and even after she is caught she continues to plead her case Creon by telling him he wrong and she is right. Tragedy Themes and Structure : Antigone chooses to bury Polynecies and in doing so has accepted her punished and fate of being buried alive.   Creon chooses to not bury Polyneices and chooses to cave up Antigone in doing so, even though he is counseled not to he seals his fate of loosing everything he values in the world. 3) Hamlet Rising Action : Hamlet is the son of Denmark who has recently been died.   Hamlet’s uncle (Claudius)   then marries Hamlet’s mother (Gertrude).   Hamlet thinks that Claudius might have killed his father to become the kind of Denmark.   Hamlet’s father’s ghost appears to two officers and eventually Hamlet himself.   The ghost tells Hamlet that Claudius did kill his father. Crisis : Hamlet then begins to plot to avenge his father’s death.   Hamlet begins to act like a madman, and it isn’t entirely clear if he is truly insane or just pretending.   Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, friends of Hamlet, are sent to spy on him by Gertrude.   Claudius sends Hamlet to England, and tells Ophelia (who may be in a relationship with Hamlet)   not to associate with Hamlet any longer. Climax : Before leaving Hamlet puts on a play re-enacting the King’s death in hopes of getting Claudius to admit to the murder.   Instead he becomes enraged. Resolution : Hamlet’s mother tries to reason with Hamlet.   Polonius, Ophelia’s father, spies on them, and Hamlet kills him.   Claudius does send Hamlet to England with secret orders to have Hamlet killed.   But Hamlet finds out and is not killed.   Ophelia ends up going man and killing herself.   Hamlet is captured by pirates and is returned to Claudius.   Claudius arranges a sword fight between Hamlet and Laertes.   Hoping Laertes will kill Hamlet with a poison sword tip. The victory cup is also poisoned just in case Laertes is not successful.   .   During the fight the poison drink is offered to Hamlet, who declines and the Queen ends up drinking it, and dies.   Hamlet switches swords with Laertes, who then dies.   As he dies he admits Claudius did murder the King of Denmark.   Laertes dies, Hamlet stabs and kills Claudius and Hamlet dies. Recognition and Reversal : When Hamlet re-enacts his father’s death in the play preformed in front of Claudius and Gertrude is the unexpected event that cause Claudius to realize that Hamlet does know that he is responsible for his father’s murder.   Claudius recognizes that he must get rid of Hamlet if he wants to continue to be the King of Denmark. Tragic   Flaw : Hamlet’s tragic flaw is that he is loyal and is consumed with avenging his father’s murder. Tragedy Themes and Structure : When Hamlet decides to avenge his father’s death he is also accepting his fate of a similar end.   He knows he must murder, and also die to make right the wrongs that were committed against his father, the King of Denmark.   When Clauidius and Gertrude choose to betray the king and murder him, they choose their fate to die just like the King.   They do not realize their fate until after Hamlet performs his play. 4) Biographical Critical Theory – Understanding the history of an author is extremely important in understanding the reasons why he wrote, the way he wrote, and what he was trying to communicate in his writing.   Biographical information can be very expansive covering the life and times of an author and his / her views on multiple topics.   It can also be very specific and center only on key plot points in the text.   For example understanding Hemmingway’s life – he was an alcoholic, he was in World War II, and womanizer certainly can shed light on his short story â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place.†Ã‚   Without that biographical information the story makes very little sense. 4) Deconstructive Critical Theory – Deconstruction is a movement in literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions of identity, truth, and certainty.   Critics using this method believe that text contains no meaning.   Meaning only exists in the minds of the reader.   This is extremely interesting approach and explains while two students reading the same piece of text can have different views about what the poem is about and what the author was trying to convey to the reader. The reader’s past experience greatly effects the meaning he may draw from a piece of literature.   The poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young† by AE Housman, can be interpreted in many different ways.   Some people believe that the poem is an actual eulogy, a father’s thoughts about the lost of his son, a   man speaking to himself as a young man, etc.   The views aren’t based on the text but on the meaning that the reader draws from that text.   Without deconstructive critical theory we would have to accept the traditional view that this poem is a eulogy. 5)   I think Historical Critical Theory is the most limited.   I do think it is important to understand the historical context a piece of literature is written in.   It is also important to have a general information about the details of specific historical events of that given time period.   However, I think that the reader often gets bogs down in history and misses parts of the prose that are really important like dictation, metaphor, rhyme, irony, and most importantly personal experience. For example in Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, the reader could research the historic events that occurred in the late 19th century.   We could take note of the relationship between men and women this time, and write a whole paper about relationships and the dominance of women in the time period.   In doing that the reader misses the humor, the sharp ironic edge, the wit, and the social satire Chopin so skillfully employs. Literature REGION XIII : CARAGA REGION GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Region XIII or the Caraga Administrative Region is the newest region created under Republic Act No. 7901 approved on February 23,1995. It consists of the provinces of Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur. Its cities are Surigao and Butuan. It has a land area of 18,847 sq. kms. Butuan Bay and Surigao Strait surrounds it on the north, and the Philippine Sea on the east. On the South are the Davao provinces and Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon on the west.Its proximity to other growth areas such as the Cagayan – Iligan corridor and the Davao Gulf Economic Zone is an advantage. POPULATION In 2000, its population was 2,076,000 with an increase of 6. 42% from its population of 1,942,687. In 1990, there were 947,199 (51%) and 912,982 females. CULTURAL GROUPS Majority of the inhabitants of the region are of Visayan lineage. The ethnic residents include the Manobo, the Mamanwa and other tribes. It is repo rted that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans.Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak the Cebuano dialect and reside in the rural areas. CLIMATE The region in general has no definite dry season. Rainfall occurs throughout the year with heavy rains from November to January. Storms might occur on the northern and eastern portions facing the Pacific Ocean. The rest of the region are relatively typhoon-free. NATURAL RESOURCES Rich in natural resources, the region has large tracts of land available for development.The region is noted for its wood based economy, its extensive water resources and its rich mineral deposits such as iron, gold, silver, nickel, chromite, manganese and copper. Its leading crops are palay, banana and coconut. It has excellent tourism potentials because of its unspoiled and beautiful beaches, abundant and fresh seafood, ancient and historical landmarks, hot and cold springs, evergreen forests and balmy weather. FACILITIES The entire region is connected by roads from and to the major commercial, trading and processing centers of Cagayan de Oro and Davao.Butuan City is being developed as the regional center with modern facilities. There are secondary seaports and airports in the region. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Repu blic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. LanguageSurigaonon is the primary language that is inherent to the region, is spoken by 33. 21% of the households, followed by Butuanon by 15%; Kamayo, by 7. 06%, and Manobo, by 4. 73%. Cebuano is widely spoken by 33. 79% of the households in the region. The rest speak Boholanon, by 5. 87%; Hiligayon, by 2. 87%; and other dialects by 7. 20%. Surigaonon is a local Philippine language spoken in the provinces of Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur and some portion of Agusan del Norte especially in towns near Mainit Lake. ReligionThe 1995 census revealed that the dominant religion in the region was Roman Ca tholic, with the population of 1,397,343 or 79% of the total household population in Caraga. and the 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000% is the population of germs & bacteria. Land Classification and Major land uses Of the total land area, 71. 22% is forestland and 28. 78% is alienable and disposable land. Major land uses include forestland comprising 31. 36% and 23. 98% of agricultural and open spaces. Forest cover is decreasing due to encroachment/poaching. Topography The region is characterized by mountainous areas, flat and rolling lands.Mountain ranges divide Agusan and Surigao provinces and sub-ranges separate most of the lowlands along the Pacific Coast. The most productive agricultural area of the region lies along the Agusan River Basin. The famous Agusan Marsh sits in the middle of Agusan del Sur. Among the lakes in the region, Lake Mainit is the widest. It traverses eight municipalities: Alegria, Tubod, Mainit and Sison in the Province of Surigao del Norte and Tubay, Santiago, Jabango and Kitcharao in Agusan del Norte Location and size Caraga Region, situated in the northeast section of Mindanao, is between 8 00’ to 10 30’ N. atitude and 125 15’ to 126 30’ E. longitude. It is bounded on the north by the Bohol Sea; on the south by the provinces of Davao, Compostela Valley and Davao Oriental of Region XI; on the west by Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental of Region X; and on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The region has a total land area of 18,846. 97 km?. This represents 6. 3% of the country’s total land area and 18. 5% of the island of Mindanao. 47. 6% of the total land area of the region belongs to the province of Agusan del Sur. Political Map of Caraga [pic] | | | | | |Province/City |Capital |Population |Area(km? ) |Pop. Density | | | | | |(per km? ) | |Agusan del Norte |Cabadbaran City |285,570 |1,773. 2 |161. | |Agusan del Sur |Prosperidad |559,294 |8,966. 0 |62. 4 | |Dinagat Islands |San Jose |530, 281 |3,009. 27 |176. 22 | |Surigao del Norte |Surigao City |481,416 |1,936. 9 |175. 8 | |Surigao del Sur |Tandag City |501,808 |4,552. 2 |110. 2 |Tulalang Summary In this story Tulalang was kind and their livelihood was really poor that’s why an old person help him one day while he was in the forest. After that Tulalang together with his family become rich and powerful. Although they become rich they are still kind. All of their people respect them. There are many enemies wanted to defeat them but no one can conquer them because of Tulalang’s magical ring and his magical sword. Aside from that both Tulalang and his brother was brave and they are trained enough to fight their enemy. They are both skilled and brilliant in terms of battle.Until the end they will never be defeated and they become more strong and powerful. About the Author Eugene Evasco is a member of the faculty of the Filipino Department of the College of Arts and Letters, UP Diliman, where he was once As sistant Chair. He teaches Araling Pilipino (Filipino Studies) and Panitikang Pambata (Children’s Literature). He also serves as the editor of Lagda, a refereed journal published by the Filipino Department of UP. He obtained his PhD in Creative Writing from the same University. Evasco has written award-winning stories for children and adults, poetry, and essays in Filipino.In 2005, he was recognized as the National Fellow for Children’s Fiction by the Likhaan: UP Institute of Creative Writing for his brilliant contribution in children’s literature. The Story Update In English & Filipino with a summary in Hiligaynon! This story tells about the adventures of Tulalang, epic hero of the Ilianen Manobo in North Cotabato, and his marriage to the daughter of the sun and the moon. This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the lumad of Mindanao, for Values Education and Civics and Culture. It is a Manobo story. Manobo† or â€Å"Manuvu† means à ¢â‚¬Å"person† or â€Å"people†; it may also have been originally â€Å"Mansuba† from man (person or people) and suba (river), hence meaning â€Å"river people. † A third derivation is from â€Å"Banobo,† the name of a creek that presently flows to Pulangi River about 2 km below Cotabato City. A fourth is from â€Å"man† meaning â€Å"first, aboriginal† and â€Å"tuvu† meaning â€Å"grow, growth. † Manobo † is the hispanized form. The Manobo Belong to the original stock of proto-Philippine or proto-Austronesian people who came from South China thousands of years ago, earlier than the Ifugao and other terrace-building peoples of the northern Luzon.Ethnolinguist Richard Elkins(1966)coined the term â€Å"Proto-Manobo† to designate this stock of aboriginal non-Negritoid people of Mindanao. The first Manobo settlers lived in northern Mindanao: Camiguin, Cagayan, and some areas of Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. Subg roups are: Agusan-Surigao, Ata, Bagobo, Banwaon, Blit, Bukidnon, Cotabato(which include the Arumanen, Kirintekan, and Livunganen), Dibabawon, Higaonon, Ilianon, Kulamanen, Manuvu, Matigsalug, Rajah Kabungsuan, Sarangani, Tboli, Tagabawa, Tigwa, Ubo, Umayamnon, and western Bukidnon.Manobo languages representative of these groups are Agusanon, Banwaon, Binukid of Mindanao, Cagayano of Cagayancillo Island, Cotabato Manobo, Dibabawon Manobo, Eatern Davao Manobo, Ilianon Manobo, Kidapawan, Kinamigin of Camiguin Island, Livunganen, Magahat, Sarangani Manobo, Southern Cotabato and Davao Manobo, Tasaday, Tagabawa, Tigwa Manobo,, Ubo of the Mt Apo region in Davao, western Bukidnon Manobo, and western Cotabato Manobo (Elkins 1966; Olson 1967). About the Story The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Manobo culture alive.The stories help to revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains many magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask for their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life. Tungkol sa EpikoSi Tulalang ang bayani ng epiko ng mga Ilianen Manobo sa Hilagang Cotabato. Kilala rin siya ng mga Bagobo bilang Tuwaang. Batay ito sa pagsasalaysay ni Pengenda Mengsenggilid noong Agosto 19, 1977 at pananaliksik ni Hazel J. Wrigglesworht. Ang pagsasalaysay ng pakikipagsapalaran ni Tulalang ay paraan para mapanatiling buhay ang lipunang Manobo. Kasama na rito ang pagpili ng mga salaysay na may tungkulin sa pagpapalaganap ng kanilang mga halagahan at tradisyon. Masalamangka ang buhay ni Tulalang ukol sa kung paano niya napangasawa ang anak ng araw at buwan.Dahil tradisyon sa mga Manobo ang pamamanhikan at paggalang sa magulang ng babae, nagplano ang bagon g kasal ng kakaibang paglalakbay para humingi ng basbas at patnubay. Simula pa lamang ito ng maalamat na buhay ni Tulalang. Rekomendado ang aklat na ito sa pag-aaral ng panitikan ng mga Lumad sa Mindanao, sa Values Education, at sa Sibika at Kultura. About the Epic Tulalang is the folk hero of the epic of the Ilianen Monobo in North Cotabato. He is also known as Tuwaang by the Bogobos. This retold story based on the narrative version of Pengenda Mengsenggilid, dated August 19, 1977, and on the research of Hazel J.Wrigglesworth. The story of Tulalang's adventures is a way to keep the Monobo culture alive. The stories help revive and maintain the values system and traditions of the Manobos. Tulalang's life story, particularly how he married the daughter of the sun and the moon, contains magical elements. Because it is a Manobo custom for the young man to pay formal respect to the parents of the young woman, the newly-weds plan an unusual journey to visit the bride's parents and ask fo r their blessing and guidance. This marks the beginning of Tulalang's legendary life.This book is recommended for lessons on the literature of the Lumads of Mindanao, for Values Education, and Civic and Culture. History The â€Å"Kalagans†, called â€Å"Caragans† by the Spaniards, occupied the district composed of the two provinces of Surigao, the northern part of Davao Oriental and eastern Misamis Oriental. The two Agusan provinces were later organized under the administrative jurisdiction of Surigao and became the independent Agusan province in 1914. In 1960, Surigao was divided into Norte and Sur, and in June 1967, Agusan followed suit.While Butuan then was just a town of Agusan, the logging boom in the 1950s drew business to the area. On August 2, 1950, by virtue of Republic Act 523, the City Charter of Butuan was approved. It is reported[by whom? ] that during the early years of the Caraga region, its inhabitants came from mainland Asia, followed by Malayans, Arab s, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish and Americans. Migrants from the Visayan and Luzon provinces later settled in the area. Most of its inhabitants speak Cebuano and reside in the rural areas. InterpretationIn this story we can see that Tulalang is a lucky boy because he becomes rich and powerful person. In reality there’s a people also who are very lucky but even if you become rich you should still become humble because if you’re not humble this will because you trouble. Every life of a people may encounter trials but don’t worry about it because God don’t give us trials that we can’t survive. Trials make us strong and from it we can learn our lesson just like Tulalang even if there’s a lot of enemy want to defeat him he survive because of his determination, and he face his enemy.We should face our trials in order for us to become strong and a real person. God is always in our heart we should trust him. We shouldn’t depend in miracle alway s because were not like Tulalang that he had magical things and an old person who help him to become rich we should work hard by our self so that we become succeed in pursuing our dreams. We can be like Tulalang for having strong determination and a strong personality but we can’t like him for having a magical thing that helps us to fight and face for our trials.

Mixed Blood

March 22, 2013 Everyones IQ â€Å"Mixed Blood† by Jeffrey M. Fish, is an article with demonstrates the cultural basis of race by comparing how races are defined in the North America (U. S), Africa and Brazil primarily. As defined by Fish in America, a person’s race is determined not by how he or she looks, but by his or her heritage. This paper will explore the topics that Fish talks about, in relation, to classification of races.In this article Fish emphasizes on the fact that race is not a biologically meaningful idea and as a result it is a waste of time to look for biologically based racial differences in behavior. As Fish states, â€Å"The short answer to the question ‘What is race? ’ is: There is no such thing. Race is a myth, And out racial classification scheme is loaded with pure fantasy. † As defined by Fish, Humans are a species, which means that people from anywhere in the world can reproduce and create a fertile offspring.Human populatio n over time were geographically separated from one another came to differ in physical appearance. They came through three major pathways: mutation, natural selection and genetic drift. Further, different geographical environments select for different physical traits that confer a survival advantage. Fish’s example of People in tropics of Africa and South America came to have dark skins, presumably, through natural selection as protection against the sun.In cold areas, like northern Europe or northern North America, which are dark for long periods of time, and where people covered their bodies for warmth, people came to have light skins. Fish also talks about the body shapes and relevance they have in consideration to the climate and areas where they live, for example round bodies adapted by the Eskimos. Fish strongly feels that,â€Å"our categories for racial classification of people arbitrarily include certain dimensions (light versus dark skin) and exclude others (rounded versus elongated bodies).Over the past 15,000 years, there has been many differences created due to the spread of people from Africa to the Americas and elsewhere. Due to this separation, not only has there been changes over time, leading to distinct traits from those areas. In Africa for example there are the Masai Tribe who naturally are lanky and tall, and in comparison to another tribe in Africa the Pygmy Tribe who are naturally short, adapted through natural selection. Fish states that Americans believe in â€Å"blood. † Which is a term used for the quality presumed to be carried by members of these so called races.The way offspring regardless of their physical appearance always inherit the less prestigious racial category of mixed parentage is called â€Å"hypo descent† by anthropologists. The defining of a person’s race, from mixed lineages and the hierarchy of the so called prestigious and less prestigious races, should for focus on the majority of the p ersons race rather than focusing on the part which is less prestigious and defining them as that. â€Å"The American system tells you about how people’s parents are classified but not what they look like.They Brazilian system tells you what they look like but not about their parents. † Fish focuses on the Brazilian system, to make clear how profoundly folk taxonomies of race vary from one place to another. White individuals with high IQ levels, usually tend to have offsprings with high IQ levels. Black individuals with high IQ levels, usually tend to have offsprings with high IQ levels. There is no defining factors which prove or show that race does not have an impact on IQ levels. Sources Jeffrey M. Fish â€Å"Mixed Blood† Psychology Today. Jeffrey M. Fish, 2008.

Reflective Essay on Learning and Motivation Essay

This reflection essay relates to the learning and teaching theories discussed in the course work. The study begins with an overview that presents a narrative of my evolution as a learner. The subsequent sections present a description of motivational attributes of an effective teaching strategy implemented in classroom setting. The study also offers a summary of the strategies that can be adopted in order to make a successful learning experience in college. I attended an educational system where schooling was based on traditional teaching systems. Teaching approaches were similar to the approach of a â€Å"banking model.† The school’s procedure depicted the teachers’ roles as depositing correct information to the learners to a point that it was needed. I began preparing for an end or term exam in my first year in the school by revising material offered to us severally. I did not have any notion why I had to learn the material (Zhang, 2009). Therefore, my life in t he school and my learning experiences were done through â€Å"rote learning.† The school system made emphasis on performance objectives over learning goals. During my third week in the school, I encountered an experience that changed my approach and motivation to learning. The experience came about after and encountered with my third year English 101 tutor, Mr. Rickie. He was very smart he had a good grounding on issues of English and career advice. His past engagements in learning and curriculum development allowed me to be consistent and relevant to learning motivation. The year was marked by class members taking the class as passive and engaged in class games instead of concentrating during class sessions (Zhang, 2009). The fourteenth week of the class people started seeing the sense of paying attention during class sessions, and we started enjoying French. The students’ attitude to the class took a different turn due to the measures he took to change the learning atmosphere. First, Mr. Rickie made the class lively through â€Å"activity setting† on Wednesday classes. The students were separated into manageable groups of five each. Students from each group were dressed to fit the roles assigned to their respective groups. The class als o created these situations as role-plays. In subsequent week, Mr. Rickie asked us about our goals as well as professions we dreamt to pursue after our education. For instance, my group took the assignment of having meetings with professionals. The day the group took to play a role, I opted to play a  lawyer. My group had prepared to meet within a restaurant and conversations were to be in English. Teachers who use such an approach consider teachers and students as co-constructors of knowledge through meaningful ways. The approach to learning considers the environment as well as role of peers in through interactions of questioning, interpreting, and listening to others’ ideas. Teachers using the learning strategy take into consideration students’ different understanding levels and diverse learning styles in eliciting ideas (Benson, 2008). The process through which students embraces opportunities of generating various ideas and clarifying their own enables reflection on provisions of fellow students. The past academic year presented me with an opportunity to address a graduate level course in Radford University. I observed a critical difference among the students through implementing diverse teaching styles. The goal of making thing classroom more interactive and motivated is a topic of discussion where groups review materials covered. In conclusion, my illustration of effective teaching strategies includes contributions and roles of teachers facilitating and co-constructing knowledge (Benson, 2008). The ultimate learning motivation includes active inclusion of students in course activities. Classrooms that embrace effective teaching strategies uphold the principles of diverse learning styles and the realization that students encounter differences in their levels of understanding.